Python-程式優化設計-module

class

Objects, values and types

CPython implementation detail: For CPython, 

The standard type hierarchy

User-defined functions

__doc__	The function’s documentation string, or None if unavailable; not inherited by subclasses	Writable
__name__	The function’s name	Writable
__qualname__	The function’s qualified name New in version 3.3.	Writable
__module__	The name of the module the function was defined in, or None if unavailable.	Writable
__defaults__	A tuple containing default argument values for those arguments that have defaults, or None if no arguments have a default value	Writable
__code__	The code object representing the compiled function body.	Writable
__globals__	A reference to the dictionary that holds the function’s global variables — the global namespace of the module in which the function was defined.	Read-only
__dict__	The namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes.	Writable
__closure__	None or a tuple of cells that contain bindings for the function’s free variables. See below for information on the cell_contents attribute.	Read-only
__annotations__	A dict containing annotations of parameters. The keys of the dict are the parameter names, and 'return' for the return annotation, if provided.	Writable
__kwdefaults__	A dict containing defaults for keyword-only parameters.	Writable

Special method names

None

This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This object is accessed through the built-in name None. It is used to signify the absence of a value in many situations, e.g., it is returned from functions that don’t explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false.

NotImplemented

This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This object is accessed through the built-in name NotImplemented. Numeric methods and rich comparison methods should return this value if they do not implement the operation for the operands provided. (The interpreter will then try the reflected operation, or some other fallback, depending on the operator.) Its truth value is true.

Ellipsis

Sequences

Mutable sequences

Set types

Mappings

Callable types

Basic customization

__new__

__init__

__del__

__repr__

__str__

__bytes__

__format__

__lt__

__le__

__eq__

__ne__

__gt__

__ge__

__hash__

__bool__

Customizing attribute access

__getattr____getattribute__

__setattr__

__delattr__

__dir__

Implementing Descriptors

__get__

__set__

__delete__

__set_name__

__slots__

Customizing class creation

__init_subclass__

Metaclasses

Customizing instance and subclass checks

__instancecheck__

__subclasscheck__

Emulating generic types

__class_getitem__

Emulating callable objects

__call__

Emulating container types

__len__

__length_hint__

__getitem__

__setitem__

__delitem__

__missing__

__iter__

__reversed__

__contains__

Emulating numeric types

object.__add__(self, other)

object.__sub__(self, other)

object.__mul__(self, other)

object.__matmul__(self, other)

object.__truediv__(self, other)

object.__floordiv__(self, other)

object.__mod__(self, other)

object.__divmod__(self, other)

object.__pow__(self, other[, modulo])

object.__lshift__(self, other)

object.__rshift__(self, other)

object.__and__(self, other)

object.__xor__(self, other)

object.__or__(self, other)

object.__radd__(self, other)

object.__rsub__(self, other)

object.__rmul__(self, other)

object.__rmatmul__(self, other)

object.__rtruediv__(self, other)

object.__rfloordiv__(self, other)

object.__rmod__(self, other)

object.__rdivmod__(self, other)

object.__rpow__(self, other)

object.__rlshift__(self, other)

object.__rrshift__(self, other)

object.__rand__(self, other)

object.__rxor__(self, other)

object.__ror__(self, other)

object.__iadd__(self, other)¶

object.__isub__(self, other)

object.__imul__(self, other)

object.__imatmul__(self, other)

object.__itruediv__(self, other)

object.__ifloordiv__(self, other)

object.__imod__(self, other)

object.__ipow__(self, other[, modulo])

object.__ilshift__(self, other)

object.__irshift__(self, other)

object.__iand__(self, other)

object.__ixor__(self, other)

object.__ior__(self, other)

object.__neg__(self)

object.__pos__(self)

object.__abs__(self)

object.__invert__(self)

object.__complex__(self)

object.__int__(self)

object.__float__(self)

object.__index__(self)¶

object.__round__(self[, ndigits])

object.__trunc__(self)

object.__floor__(self)

object.__ceil__(self)

With Statement Context Managers

__enter__

__exit__

Special method lookup

Coroutines

Awaitable Objects

__await__

Asynchronous Iterators¶

__aiter__

__anext__

Asynchronous Context Managers

__aenter__

__aexit__