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Python-程式優化設計-module

class

Objects, values and types

CPython implementation detail: For CPython, 

The standard type hierarchy

User-defined functions
__doc__The function’s documentation string, or None if unavailable; not inherited by subclassesWritable
__name__The function’s nameWritable
__qualname__
The function’s qualified name
New in version 3.3.
Writable
__module__The name of the module the function was defined in, or None if unavailable.Writable
__defaults__A tuple containing default argument values for those arguments that have defaults, or None if no arguments have a default valueWritable
__code__The code object representing the compiled function body.Writable
__globals__A reference to the dictionary that holds the function’s global variables — the global namespace of the module in which the function was defined.Read-only
__dict__The namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes.Writable
__closure__None or a tuple of cells that contain bindings for the function’s free variables. See below for information on the cell_contents attribute.Read-only
__annotations__A dict containing annotations of parameters. The keys of the dict are the parameter names, and 'return' for the return annotation, if provided.Writable
__kwdefaults__A dict containing defaults for keyword-only parameters.Writable

Special method names


None
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This object is accessed through the built-in name None. It is used to signify the absence of a value in many situations, e.g., it is returned from functions that don’t explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false.
NotImplemented
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This object is accessed through the built-in name NotImplemented. Numeric methods and rich comparison methods should return this value if they do not implement the operation for the operands provided. (The interpreter will then try the reflected operation, or some other fallback, depending on the operator.) Its truth value is true.

Ellipsis
Sequences
Mutable sequences
Set types
Mappings
Callable types

Basic customization


__new__
__init__
__del__
__repr__
__str__
__bytes__
__format__
__lt__
__le__
__eq__
__ne__
__gt__
__ge__
__hash__
__bool__

Customizing attribute access

__getattr____getattribute__
__setattr__
__delattr__
__dir__

Implementing Descriptors

__get__
__set__
__delete__
__set_name__

__slots__

Customizing class creation

__init_subclass__

Metaclasses

Customizing instance and subclass checks

__instancecheck__
__subclasscheck__

Emulating generic types

__class_getitem__

Emulating callable objects

__call__

Emulating container types

__len__
__length_hint__
__getitem__
__setitem__
__delitem__
__missing__
__iter__
__reversed__
__contains__

Emulating numeric types


object.__add__(selfother)
object.__sub__(selfother)
object.__mul__(selfother)
object.__matmul__(selfother)
object.__truediv__(selfother)
object.__floordiv__(selfother)
object.__mod__(selfother)
object.__divmod__(selfother)
object.__pow__(selfother[modulo])
object.__lshift__(selfother)
object.__rshift__(selfother)
object.__and__(selfother)
object.__xor__(selfother)
object.__or__(selfother)


object.__radd__(selfother)
object.__rsub__(selfother)
object.__rmul__(selfother)
object.__rmatmul__(selfother)
object.__rtruediv__(selfother)
object.__rfloordiv__(selfother)
object.__rmod__(selfother)
object.__rdivmod__(selfother)
object.__rpow__(selfother)
object.__rlshift__(selfother)
object.__rrshift__(selfother)
object.__rand__(selfother)
object.__rxor__(selfother)
object.__ror__(selfother)

object.__iadd__(selfother)
object.__isub__(selfother)
object.__imul__(selfother)
object.__imatmul__(selfother)
object.__itruediv__(selfother)
object.__ifloordiv__(selfother)
object.__imod__(selfother)
object.__ipow__(selfother[modulo])
object.__ilshift__(selfother)
object.__irshift__(selfother)
object.__iand__(selfother)
object.__ixor__(selfother)
object.__ior__(selfother)

object.__neg__(self)
object.__pos__(self)
object.__abs__(self)
object.__invert__(self)

object.__complex__(self)
object.__int__(self)
object.__float__(self)

object.__index__(self)

object.__round__(self[ndigits])
object.__trunc__(self)
object.__floor__(self)
object.__ceil__(self)

With Statement Context Managers


__enter__
__exit__

Special method lookup

Coroutines

Awaitable Objects

__await__

Asynchronous Iterators

__aiter__
__anext__

Asynchronous Context Managers

__aenter__
__aexit__


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